Isakhiwo Sesakhiwo Sensimbi iyisakhiwo esisha sesakhiwo esenziwe ngensimbi.Isakhiwo esithwala imithwalo ngokuvamile sakhiwe ngemishayo, amakholomu, ama-trusses nezinye izingxenye ezenziwe ngensimbi yesigaba kanye namapuleti ensimbi.Ama-purlin esigaba C kanye nesigaba sika-Z njengezixhumi ezisizayo, ezilungiswa ngamabhawodi noma ama-welding, futhi uphahla nodonga kuzungezwe ishidi lensimbi elinemibala noma iphaneli yesemishi, kwakha isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe.
Izakhiwo zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe ngokwandayo zithathelwa indawo yisakhiwo sensimbi, yini eyenza abantu benze lesi sinqumo?
Lena enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zesakhiwo ngenxa yekhono layo lokumelana nemithwalo esindayo, Ngenxa yalokho, isakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi singasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, hhayi nje izakhiwo.Angaphinde asetshenziselwe ukwakha amabhuloho nezinye izingqalasizinda ezifana nezikhumulo zezindiza kanye nezitshalo zezimboni.
Osayizi abahlukene bezingxenye zensimbi bafakwe esakhiweni sesakhiwo sensimbi futhi lezi zingangena ezinqubweni zokugingqa okubandayo noma ezishisayo.
Amandla aphezulu
Nakuba ukuminyana ngobuningi bensimbi kukhulu, amandla ayo aphezulu kakhulu.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokwakha, isilinganiso sokuminyana ngobuningi nephoyinti lensimbi sincane kakhulu.
Engasindi
Inani lensimbi elisetshenziselwa isakhiwo esiyinhloko sezakhiwo zensimbi ngokuvamile liba ngu-25kg / - 80kg ngemitha yesikwele ngayinye, kanti isisindo seshidi lensimbi ehlanganisiwe lingaphansi kuka-10kg.Isisindo sokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ngokwayo singu-1 / 8-1 / 3 kuphela wesakhiwo sekhonkrithi, esinganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zesisekelo.
Iphephile futhi inokwethenjelwa
Izinto zensimbi zifana, i-isotropic, ene-modulus enkulu yokunwebeka, ipulasitiki enhle nokuqina.Ukubalwa kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi kunembile futhi kunokwethenjelwa.
Ngokwezifiso
Izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi zikhiqizwa endaweni yokusebenzela yasefekthri futhi zithunyelwe endaweni ukuze zifakwe, zinganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokwakha futhi zithuthukise izinzuzo zezomnotho.
Ububanzi besicelo
izakhiwo zensimbi zilungele zonke izinhlobo zezakhiwo zezimboni, isakhiwo sezentengiselwano, isakhiwo sezolimo, izakhiwo eziphakeme, njll.
1.Isakhiwo sohlaka lwephothali
Uhlaka lwe-portal luwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesakhiwo sensimbi ekhanyayo, luhlanganisa ikholomu yensimbi yesigaba esishiselwe kanye ne-beam.Inezici zesakhiwo esilula, i-span enkulu, i-lightweight, elula futhi esheshayo yokwakha.Ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa kakhulu insimbi. indawo yokugcina impahla, indawo yokusebenzela yesakhiwo sensimbi, ishede lokugcina, vumela ukusebenza kahle kwe-crane nemishini ngaphakathi.
2.Isakhiwo sefreyimu yensimbi
Isakhiwo sohlaka lwensimbi sakhiwe ngemishayo yensimbi namakholomu angakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo eqondile nevundlile.Amakholomu, imishayo, i-bracing, namanye amalungu axhumeke ngokuqinile noma ancikene ukuze akhe isakhiwo esivumelana nezimo futhi adale isikhala esikhulu.Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezakhiweni ezinezitezi eziningi, eziphakeme kakhulu, nezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, izakhiwo zamahhovisi ezentengiselwano, amafulethi angaphambili, izikhungo zenkomfa, nezinye izakhiwo.
3. Steel Truss Ukwakheka
4. Isakhiwo Segridi Yensimbi
Ukudizayina nokudweba kwenziwa onjiniyela bethu abangochwepheshe.Ikhasimende lidinga nje ukusitshela imininingwane nezimfuneko, bese sizokhipha isixazululo sezomnotho esiphephile ngobungcweti bethu nolwazi lwethu.
Isakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi sakhiwe izingxenye ezahlukene.Nansi imininingwane yozimele wensimbi eyinhloko:
Isisekelo
Ukusekela uhlaka lwensimbi, kufanele kube nesisekelo esiqinile.Uhlobo lwesisekelo oluzosetshenziswa luzoncika ekuthwaleni kwenhlabathi.
Ngokuvamile, isisekelo sikakhonkolo esiqinisiwe sisetshenziswa ezisekelweni ezinekhwalithi yenhlabathi efanayo kanye namandla amakhulu okuthwala.Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza okuphelele kwesisekelo, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswe ngemishayo yomhlabathi;
Ikholomu Yensimbi
Uma isisekelo sesibekiwe, amakholomu ensimbi azobekwa ngokulandelayo.Amakholomu ensimbi akhiwe ngaphambili embonini futhi athuthelwa endaweni yokwakha.Uma efakwe, kufanele kube nokuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwekholomu nesisekelo.Ekupheleni kwamakholomu, amapuleti ayisisekelo anomumo oyisikwele noma ongunxande asetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ukuxhumana kwawo nesisekelo.Lezi zimo zivame ukuthandwa ngoba zinikeza isikhala esanele futhi esilinganiselwe samabhawodi.
Imishayo Yensimbi
Imishayo yensimbi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa izakhiwo zezindaba eziningi.Imishayo ithembele ekudlulisweni komthwalo kusuka ophahleni kuya phansi ngokusebenzisa amakholomu.Ububanzi bensimbi yensimbi buphakathi kuka-3m no-9m kodwa bungakwazi ukuya phezulu bufike ku-18m ngesakhiwo esinde nesinwebekayo.
Imishayo yensimbi idinga ukuxhumana kusuka kukholomu kuye kugongolo kanye ne-beam ukuze ibhoke.Kuye ngohlobo lomthwalo ozokwenziwa, kukhona ukuxhumana okuhlukile ukuze ikholomu ikhanye.Uma amalunga ngokuvamile ebambe imithwalo eqondile, uhlobo olulula lokuxhuma luzokwanela.Lokho kungafaka ukusetshenziswa kwe-double angle cleat noma ipuleti lokugcina eliguqukayo.Kodwa emithwalweni eqondile ephinde ihlanganise amandla e-torsion, amasistimu ahlangene ayinkimbinkimbi asebenzisa ukujula okugcwele kwepuleti lokuxhumana kufanele kusetshenziswe.
Uhlelo lwaphansi
Ingafakwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokwakhiwa kwemishayo.Isistimu yaphansi nayo iyasiza ekusekeleni umthwalo omile wesakhiwo.Kodwa-ke, bangakwazi futhi ukuthwala ezinye zezintambo ezivela emithwalweni yangemuva ngosizo lwe-bracings.Ezinye zezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zezinhlelo zaphansi ezisetshenziselwa isakhiwo sensimbi ama-slabs kanye nemishayo ye-Slimflor.Zingahlanganiswa nezinto eziyinhlanganisela futhi.
I-Bracing ne-Cladding
Ukuqinisa kusiza ukuchezukisa amandla asemaceleni.Iphinde idlulise eminye yemithwalo esemaceleni isuka esakhiweni iye kukholomu.Ikholomu izobe isidlulisela kusisekelo.
Okwe-cladding, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto ongakhetha kuzo kuye ngokuthi abanikazi bezakhiwo bafuna ibukeke kanjani.Ukuvala amashidi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngoba kungafakwa kalula futhi kunendawo yezimboni.Iphinde inikeze ukuvikeleka okwanele ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.Ukufakwa kwezitini kungase kube enye indlela enhle futhi.Inezici ezingcono zokuvikela ezikwazi ukuphazamisa ukushisa ehlobo.
Izindlela zokuxhuma zesakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi.
1. Ukushisela
Okuhle:
Ukuvumelana nezimo okuqinile kumajamo wejometri;isakhiwo esilula;ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ingxenye yesiphambano;umoya omuhle wokuxhuma kanye nokuqina okuphezulu kwesakhiwo
Ububi:
Izidingo eziphakeme zezinto ezibonakalayo;indawo ethinteke ukushisa, kulula ukubangela ushintsho lwempahla yendawo;ukucindezeleka kwe-welding residual kanye ne-residual deformation kunciphisa amandla okuthwala amalungu okucindezela;isakhiwo welding izwela kakhulu imifantu;izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokubanda okubandayo kugqame kakhulu
2. Ukuhleka
Okuhle:
Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okuthembekile, ukuqina okuhle kanye nepulasitiki, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okulula, ukumelana okuhle komthwalo oshukumisayo
Ububi:
Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, insimbi ebizayo kanye nomsebenzi
3. Uxhumano lwebhawodi olujwayelekile
Okuhle:
Ukulayisha nokuthulula okulula, okokusebenza okulula
Ububi:
Uma ukunemba kwebhawodi kuphansi, akufanelekile ukugunda;lapho ukunemba kwe-bolt kuphezulu, ukucubungula nokufakwa kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi intengo iphakeme
4. Uxhumano lwebhawodi lwamandla aphezulu
